Lecture 2

1.       Cosmic Model/Holy Cities

2.       Practical

3.       Organic

1. Cosmic City

-        a) Florence, Italy - the cathedral defines the grid of the city

-        monumental axis

-        enclosure

-        spatial organization by Hierarchy

-        b) Beijing, China - the forbidden city establishes the city grid

-        c) Rome, Italy - the vicinity of the Colosseum is the place for key temples and government buildings

-        d) Jaipur, India - planned based on Hindu system of town planning that followed the principles prescribed in the Shilpa-shastra, an ancient Indian treatise on architecture

-        factual, functional, cool

2. Practical Model

-        a) New York City, Manhattan

3. Organic City

-       - cohesive, indivisible, internal structure and a rhythmic behaviour that seeks to maintain equilibrium

-      -   irregular form with 'crooked' streets and randomly defined open spaces

- or can be seen as making sense at some point in time adapted over the years beyond recognition 

-       -

v   Topography as determinant

-      -  riverine settlement

-       - natural harbour

-        -defensive sites

-        - linear ridge

-       - hilltop town

-        -slopped terrain

Advantages

-        - relation to natural human movement pattern

Disadvantages

-        - dislocation of urban patterns

-      -  unclear order

-     -   reorganisation of blocks needed in order to introduce new functions